SCHOOL  PSYCHOLOGY  N E W S L E TT E R

University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, Spring 2008

____________________Volume 31, No. 1______________________


Index

From the Director’s Desk

NASP Conference

Argentine Adventure

Two WSPA Grants Awarded to UWL Alumni

Monroe Virtual High School

Reunions

Ed.S. Theses Completed

   Rosanne Kujak

   Aimee (Ostenso-Paulson) Zabrowski

   Renee Johnson

   Ashley Baker

   Aaron Geiger

   Christine Rentmeester

   Mikell Franke

   Kristen Richter

   Jason Nichols

Missing Graduates

Roundtable

 

 

 

 From the Director’s Desk

by Rob Dixon

      I am hoping that from the time I write this to the time that you receive this newsletter; the weather will finally decide that we have had enough snow. I am writing this during a storm warning for yet another 5-6 inches of snow. My hope is that this is the last snow of the season. With record snow falls and school cancellations, hopefully we will all be able to see some green and relax when the school year comes to an end.

      In the program’s news, we are happy to be fully staffed with Dr. Joci Newton joining Betty and myself. She comes to us via Ball State University and 2 years in Atlanta. Her husband, Chris, has also completed his doctorate and is working with the La Crosse County. While I have heard both say that they are really excited to be here, both will readily admit that they have seen enough “white stuff” for the winter! Joci has hit the ground running in our program teaching mainly the assessment sequence. She also has some professional presentations to her name this year as well as joining the WSPA Board as a regional representative for the Coulee Region.

      The students continue to thrive in their internship placements. We continue to have 100% of our interns find jobs. In fact I still receive calls every August looking for a school psychologist. It is no wonder that US News & World Report listed School Psychologist as one of the top jobs in 2008! You can be proud that these students are continuing on where past alums have left off by providing leadership and talent to their respective placements.  There are several articles later in the newsletter that feature some of our alumni’s work in the schools.  It is always great to hear these stories and it’s a privilege to pass these on to you.

      Our students closer to home are continuing the tradition of attending NASP with the whole second year class travelling to New Orleans. I will leave it up to them to relay their story later in the newsletter. The first year class is anxiously looking forward to NASP in Boston and will continue to conduct some fundraising to help with those efforts. While we are trying to find university resources to help defray the travel costs, alumni can also support  this   effort  by   contributing  to  the   School

 

Psychology Student Society (SPSS).  See the last page of the newsletter.

      Finally, in the spirit of passing along a few humorous comments to close this article, I was shown

two really funny postings on “youtube” depicting the important aspects of school psychology. To find them, go to youtube.com and then search for “type type baby” and “wais’n away” and then settle in for a laugh that only a school psychologist can fully appreciate. Enjoy!

 

 

NASP Conference

by the Second Year Students

      NASP, New Orleans, Mardi Gras, seven girls, one week, delayed planes, missed transfers and a whole lot of luggage!  Although the trip got off to a rocky start with the unplowed runways in Madison delaying our plane long enough to force our group to split up and reroute to New Orleans, the trip was definitely still worthwhile! The extra flights were great practice for our first time flyer in the group! 

      Upon arrival to “NOLA,” we had several days to explore and experience Mardi Gras before the convention began.  We canvassed the city on foot, which really allowed us to take in all the sights and scenes of the area.  We stopped by the Café du Monde to eat some beignets, wandered around the French Quarter, picked up souvenirs at the French Market, ate local cuisine, journeyed through Bourbon Street, listened to local music, talked with locals, visited a swamp and caught some Mardi Gras Parades.  Watching the parades and trying to catch as many beads as possible was both exciting and humorous!  After a couple of parades our strategy was polished and we were bead-catching machines!  We also realized the importance of watching for flying beads from all angles after a couple of close calls. 

      The NASP convention got rolling right after Fat Tuesday, luckily it didn’t start until noon!  The number of presentations was overwhelming and it took some time to figure out our approach.  The wide variety of topics fit everyone’s interests.  The conference’s theme was resiliency and started out with two excellent keynote speakers—one that showcased an online documentary made about the first public high school to reopen after Hurricane Katrina, and the other, a presentation by a medical doctor focusing on helping children who have experienced trauma.  It’s amazing that a lot of schools have not yet re-opened.

All in all, traveling to NOLA and attending NASP was an excellent experience.  It was a great feeling to be surrounded by thousands of people who knew what a school psychologist was!!  Through attending multiple presentations and walking through the exhibition hall, we all left with great resources that will be helpful in our practice as future school psychologists.

      Although we all fell in love with the city (especially the warm weather!) and attended some great presentations, by the end of the week we were ready to head back to snowy Wisconsin—with the exception of one who contemplated applying for an internship in NOLA!  (For the after-hours stories which could not be printed in this article, ask one of us at Roundtable-just kidding….kind of!).

      We were partially funded for this trip through a research grant from the Graduate Council.  On March 7 we shared our experiences during UW-L’s Celebration of Student Research and Creativity with a poster presentation in Cartwright Center.  This celebration provided a forum for undergraduate and graduate student researchers to share the results of their scholarly efforts. This event recognized the globally responsive research conducted on campus.

 

Argentine Adventure

by Dan Naidicz, Class of 1989

      Buenos Aries.  The Tango.  Malbec wines.  School children?   While the first three topics conjure up thoughts of Argentina, school children and the educational system of this incredible country might not! However, my experience as a Fulbright Scholar to Argentina in the summer of 2007 has forever tied the three together.

Text Box: High School students in a Traditional Argentine Dance      In the summer of 2006, my wife, Mary and I applied to the Fulbright Scholarship administrative exchange program to Argentina.  Fortunately, we were both accepted as Fulbright Scholars, making us the first married couple in the history of the US-Argentine exchange program.  The exchange included hosting an Argentine school administrator for a month in the U.S. during our school year and traveling to their country for a month during our summer break in July.  The primary focus of the Fulbright program is connecting people throughout the world to promote understanding, educa- tion and acceptance through exchanges or academic awards.  We were fortunate to be paired with Nora Rodriguez, an inner city elementary school teacher from Cordoba, Argentina, who had part time administrative duties; and Cecilia Sala, Vice Principal and teacher of a private school in the rural town of Alta Gracia.  We exemplified the Fulbright concept of connecting with each other by living with and sharing our families with each other throughout the experience.

Text Box: Dan talks to students in  Alta Gracia Collegio Americano School      The primary goal for Argentine administrators was to learn about the American educational system and gain ideas and strategies that might improve education for Argentine school staff and children.  Working with our current school district, Stillwater Area Public Schools in Minnesota, where I serve as Assistant Director of Student Support Services, I arranged visits to multiple schools within my district and in the inner city of St. Paul and Minneapolis. The broad variety of student populations, building conditions and instruction provided Nora and Ceci with a unique window into American public education.

      In July 2007, we boarded a plane to Argentina.  Upon arrival in Buenos Aries, we met the rest of the Fulbright Scholars from the US.  Our scholarship group totaled 16 public, private, and charter school administrators from various states across the nation.  We spent two days in Buenos Aries learning about the educational system in Argentina and our role during our visit.  Unlike our partners, our goal was not to gain ideas from the Argentine educational system, but to promote education and spread good will throughout Argentina. We were ambassadors of the United States; we were treated as dignitaries and special guests everywhere we went.

      Out of our group of 16, six were placed in the Cordoba City or Alta Gracia area.  This was an enormous advantage as our hosts’ organized visits to each other’s schools and we were able to travel as a group. We had the advantage of building relationships with the group and sharing meals, school visits, and tourist attractions.  Everywhere we went, we were welcomed by the teachers and school children with traditional dances and singing, invitations to participate in lessons, and tours of facilities. 

Text Box: Dan and Mary talking to a class in Cordoba City...Note the jackets and mittens; the schools have no heat in the winter.      In visiting with Nora and the other participants, we concluded what was most surprising about the visit were the similarities and differences in schools and students found across continents.  Here area a few:  The noise level in Argentine schools is higher than the level of American schools.  This is due to the differences in the teaching methods used.  There is more vivid conversation during the lessons in Argentine schools, where American schools often have the teacher instructing, then students working independently or in groups. 

      Bells to change classes are used in many US schools and they are in Argentina as well.  However, it is not the students who change classes, it is the teachers who move from room to room to teach their subject.  Students are assigned to a classroom with the same cohort of students in primary and secondary schools in Argentina.

      There is no tuition for public schools in Argentina (a small fee is paid for private schools), but there are no individual textbooks or worksheets for students.  For example, students in math classes copy the problems out of the book before leaving each day and return with the completed problems in their notebooks the next day.  There are no copies or worksheets, and students must pay for all their materials. 

      Computers for student use and administrative use were almost non-existent.  Those that had a small computer lab were using machines that were 5-7 years old, with no extensive software programs.  Attendance, grading and announcements were done in large books by hand.  Principals communicated with staff by handwriting announcements in a daily book.  Teachers then signed off after they had read the Principal’s note.  No email communication was used in any of the schools we visited.

      Our Argentine counterparts were most amazed at the intimate structures of our administrative teams and meetings.  In the US, there is a clear hierarchy of roles and responsibilities.  In Argentina, support staff are limited so teachers and principals are directly responsible and available to parents.  In addition, meeting schedules are variable in Argentina.  Although meetings may begin on time, they include a lengthy period to ask about each other’s families, dinner plans, children, before the meeting topic starts.  This may last an hour before the meat of the meeting is addressed.  Since there is no way to plan for the amount of discussion, ending times are never listed.  According to Nora, “In the US, it is all business, business.”

      One thing we all agreed on is that no matter if it is Argentina or the US, students are the same.  Teenagers in the secondary schools listen to music, are concerned about their appearance, love to socialize with friends, study the same subjects and content and are connected through technology through cell phones and ipods.  They dress funky (even though they have uniforms in Argentina), laugh and play loudly, and have a zest for life.

      And while our Argentine counterparts may not have the advantages of technology, textbooks, equipment, and materials that we have in the US, they share our passion for education and excitement in watching students grow and succeed.   In 1946, Senator William Fulbright sponsored the legislation used to establish the program to build international cooperation.  Our experience in Argentina has done more than that.  We intend to seek opportunities at the international level in the years to come – building on the wonderful experience we were granted in Argentina.

      The Fulbright program has multiple scholarship opportunities for teachers and administrators.  For more information on Fulbright connect to the following link:

www.fulbright.org.

Two WSPA Grants Awarded to UWL Alumni

      The Wisconsin School Psychologist Association awarded three $500 Children’s Services grants.  Two of these grants went to UWL Alumni.  Their articles follow...  

The CIA comes to Green Bay!

by Christy Rentmeester, Class of 2005

Text Box: Miss Rentmeester, school psychologist, with a group of CIA students at NWTCDid you know that the CIA has come to Green Bay, Wisconsin?  Although you may be hoping they’ve come to investigate the recent disappearance of Brett Favre from the Green Bay Packers’ roster, instead the CIA has taken root in Franklin Middle School.  CIA, otherwise known as Community Involved Adolescents, is a program designed by Franklin Middle School student services staff, including the school psychologist, school social worker, and school counselor, to improve attendance and future goal orientation in at-risk middle school students.  Funded by a WSPA Children’s Services grant, the CIA program components include weekly individual or small group meetings, bi-weekly large group meetings, and field trips for leisure and community service.

      After being selected for the CIA program based on attendance criteria, each student services team member at Franklin works individually and in small groups with three to six students.  The one-on-one and small group sessions are focused review of students’ current attendance and grades, interviews to better understand the students’ barriers to being a successful student, and most importantly, goal setting and reinforcements to improve the students’ attendance and engagement in school.  “The students I am working with,” said school psychologist, Christy Rentmeester, “have charted their own attendance to work toward tangible reinforcements throughout the semester, and it has been enlightening to the students to understand their attendance patterns and be able to set goals for improvement.” 

      Along with the one-on-one and small group meetings, CIA group members also participate in large group CIA meetings twice monthly.  Similar to the small group meetings, the large group meetings focus on goal-setting, although these meetings take a broader focus of helping students determine their aspirations for the future.  In large group CIA meetings, which are facilitated by student services staff, students participate in team building exercises as well as activities that help them understand the purpose of school and how it relates to their future careers.  For example, Holly Magness, a guidance counselor at Franklin, designed an activity for CIA which involved students identifying careers of interest and then searching classified ads to find similar careers, with the purpose of students identifying what qualifications they will need to get and keep that type of job. 

      The final component of the Community Involved Adolescents program, as the name might insinuate, is taking CIA students into the community for field trips and community service opportunities.  Most recently, students had the opportunity to visit the Northeast Wisconsin Technical College (NWTC) in mid-March for a middle school career day.  During the full-day field trip, students had the chance to get hands-on experience in three different careers, including dental assistant, criminal justice corrections, and auto mechanic.  The students of Franklin also had an opportunity to tour the NWTC campus and take a career inventory.  Along with resounding sentiments of “This was fun,” students also came away from the field trip with a better understanding of how their school attendance and classroom performance today will affect their success in the future.  Along with the NWTC career day, future field trip opportunities may include a trip to Red Robin, for a better understanding of career opportunities in a restaurant, and yard clean-up for elderly living in the Franklin attendance area.

      With the support of WSPA and NWTC, students and staff alike have found to be CIA to be a resounding success!  One teacher at Franklin stated, “The CIA program is working,” as she found her students involved in CIA to have improved attendance, better classroom behavior, and more engagement in classroom assignments.  Although Brett Favre’s career in football may have reached its conclusion, the students of Franklin CIA are learning that their attendance and grades in school today will affect what types of careers they can have in the future!   

 

Cocoa and Cram Night at Central High School in La Crosse

by Don Juve, Class of 1979

Link Crew is a leadership training program that is based on a simple concept: linking freshmen with successful upperclassmen called Link Leaders.  While creating a sense of comfort for the incoming students, the Link Crew concept also addresses the attitudes of the upperclassmen toward the freshmen, and respect for freshmen becomes the norm. By implementing the Link Crew program, we hope to increase academic success through support of peers and to develop leadership skills in students at Central High School.

We hope to meet our objectives by offering a “Cocoa and Cram” Night.  The “Cocoa and Cram” night is an opportunity for freshmen and Link Crew Leaders to study together prior to final exams.  Link Crew Leaders would be expected to assist freshmen by teaching them studying tips, answering questions and role-modeling good studying behaviors.  Food and hot cocoa would be provided to the students who participate.  The first night was January 15 from 6-9pm. Participation was approximately 150 freshman, plus 30 Link Crew Leaders.  The second night will be June 2. 

      The anticipated outcome and benefit to children for the “Cocoa and Cram” nights will be to improve student achievement and study skills.  It will also provide a sense of community, thereby improving school climate.  Lastly, it provides an opportunity for upperclassmen and underclassmen to interact in a mentorship setting.

 

 

Monroe Virtual High School

by Joe Monroe, Class of 1998

      For years, public schools have struggled to provide appropriate educational options for all students at the high school level.  Many families have expressed concern about the ability of their children to successfully access high school level education.  Despite a great number of alternative programs and services, traditional high school education still has its limitations.

      The School District of Monroe (Monroe, Wisconsin) set out to create a program that would meet the needs of a population of students that, for various reasons, could not function in a traditional bricks and mortar school.  In the fall of 2001, the Monroe Virtual High School (MVHS) was established.  MVHS is a program that offers a unique and flexible learning environment of supported independent study that will lead to a School District of Monroe Board of Education approved diploma.  This high school program uses computer-based courses, correspondence, and experiential credit-based options. The MVHS program is based on the belief that all students have the right to the opportunity to earn a high school diploma, while recognizing that not all students are able to accomplish this in a traditional educational setting.

      The curriculum utilized for this program was developed by Brigham Young University, the University of Missouri, the University of Nebraska, Oregon State University, and Stetson University of Florida.  Students must satisfactorily complete the minimum 22 credit requirements to graduate. Thirteen credits are required -- 4 of English, 2 of Math, 1/2 of Government, 1 of American History, 1-1/2 of Social Studies, 1/2 of Health*, 2 of Science, 1/2  of Service Learning, 1-1/2 of Physical Education – and nine credits of Electives.   (*Note: Parents can opt their student out of health for religious reasons. If the student is opted out of health, the 1/2 credit must be picked up somewhere else.)     In addition, MVHS is able to offer a wide array of courses that normally could not be offered by a traditional high school.  MVHS offers over 600 on-line courses.  The vast selection of courses allows students to explore their interests and develop knowledge and skills in areas that are not always available to most high school students.  For example, MVHS offers multiple courses in seven different languages (American Sign Language, French, German, Japanese, Latin, Russian and Spanish).  This far exceeds the foreign language offerings in most high schools.  MVHS is also able to provide unique learning experiences such as the Interactive Guitar course, which allows students to learn how to play the guitar via webcam and microphone.  Physical education, art, music, and driver’s education classes are all offered by MVHS.

      Students are supported by a staff of six DPI licensed teachers, a guidance counselor, two secretaries, a director of technology & curriculum integration, and one principal.  The staff travels throughout the state to meet with students and their families to answer questions, assess progress, proctor tests, and develop plans for program completion.  MVHS provides a level of direct support which is unparalleled in virtual education. 

      Due to the success of the MVHS, the School District of Monroe has established a middle school program.  The high school and middle school programs serve approximately 400 students from all over Wisconsin.  Although the virtual schools in Wisconsin are at a political crossroads, it is believed that virtual education will be a viable option in the future.  The School District of Monroe is proud to offer an alternative to traditional education which allows students that need flexibility and choices to attain a high school diploma.

      You can visit the website at www.virtualdiploma.net for more information or if you have any questions about MVHS, feel free to contact Joe Monroe, Director of Pupil Services, School District of Monroe, at 608.328.7155, Joe.Monroe@Monroe.k12.wi.us.

 

 

20-, 10- & 5-year Reunion

      We are continuing our six‑year tradition of encouraging graduates from certain years to attend Roundtable to see fellow classmates.  This is a wonderful way to start reunions and renew friendships, fellowship, and maybe even a little “shop-talk” about how things are going for you in your schools.

      20-year (1988 grads) alumni:  Rebecca Brandon, Sherry Holt, Troy Lange, Kelly Kapitz, Cathy Poshepny, Jessie Stevenson, Dean Vernon, and Lori Vogel.

      10-year (1998 grads) alumni:  Rebecca Cleary, Amy Kleinfeldt, Susan Gerken-Ross, Chellie Kingsley, Gina Deutscher, Joe Monroe, Jennifer McIntyre, Jerome Schaefer, Mary Volgman, Mai Vue, Heather Walek, Amanda Manzke.

      5-year (2003 grads) alumni:  Kelly Peterson, Erin Eberhardt, Heather Holstein, Melissa Martinson, Rebecca Beaulieu, Teresa Keehn, Jason Nichols, Kristen Richter, Dan Seaman, and Jaime Granger.

 

 

Ed.S. Theses Oral Defenses Completed

 

     Rosanne Kujak, April 6, 2007, “Early Reading Intervention: Impact of Group Size” – Chair:  Dr. Betty DeBoer, Committee:  Dr. Carmen Wilson and Dr. Carol Angell.

 

 

      This early reading intervention study investigated the effects of 1:1 tutoring and small group tutoring (1:4, 1:5, and 1:10). The progress of 45 first-grade students with delayed reading skills was examined. The students were enrolled in one of three intervention programs: Reading Mastery, Reading Intervention Model, and Reading on First and Home. Subtests from the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (Good & Kaminski, 2001) and a Dolche word list were used to assess reading skills. The researcher hypothesized that the participants who received the 1:1 tutoring would significantly outperform the students who received the small group tutoring. Data were analyzed through a two way mixed ANOVA and an independent samples t-test. Results found that both the participants who received 1:1 tutoring and the small group tutoring demonstrated progress from pre to post-intervention on basic measures of alphabet knowledge, phoneme knowledge, and word list reading. Group comparisons yielded a significant difference on Letter Naming Fluency and Onset Recognition Fluency. Post hoc analyses showed that the 1:1 participants significantly outperformed the small group participants on Letter Naming Fluency; however, no differences in gains were found between the 1:1 and small group formats. The grouping main effect on Onset Recognition Fluency was statistically significant and a significant interaction between group and time was found. Participants who received small group tutoring demonstrated higher gains on the Onset Recognition Fluency measure than the participants who received 1:1 tutoring.

 

    Aimee (Ostenso-Paulson) Zabrowski, April 10, 2007, Training Factors Affecting School Psychologists’ Comfort in Providing Services to Grieving Students” – Chair:  Dr. Robert Dixon, Committee:  Dr. Kent Koppelman and Dr. Jon Hageseth.

      This study examined training factors that affect a school psychologist’s comfort providing services to grieving students.  It also examined the frequency in which school psychologists provide grief counseling as a part of their job duties and factors that impede the provision of services to grieving students.  Previous research showed a lack of training and comfort in professionals in the area of providing services to children affected by death and grief.  In addition previous research showed an increase in comfort providing grief counseling following training in the area.  A survey of training background and grief counseling comfort was completed by 126 members of the National Association of School Psychologists. A multiple regression showed that level of graduate degree was the best predictor of total comfort, followed by total training hours and likelihood to pursue additional training in grief counseling.  Results also showed that school psychologists do participate in grief counseling as a part of their job duties and that there are several factors that limit or impede their ability to provide grief counseling.  The results of this study support a need for both pre-service and professional development training in grief counseling in order to increase school psychologist comfort providing grief counseling as a part of their job duties.

    Renee Johnson, April 12, 2007, “The Effect of High and Low Athletic Identity on Academic Self-Efficacy in Secondary Students” – Chair:  Dr. Robert Dixon, Committee:  Dr. Carol Angell and Ms. Susan Wabaunsee.

      Previous research has found that athletics positively impact students’ development in multiple ways. Instead of focusing on actual participation in athletics, this study focused on athletic identity, which is how strongly a person identifies with the athletic role. This research examines the differences between levels of athletic identity on the academic self-efficacy of adolescents in 247 Midwestern middle and secondary students. Academic self-efficacy was chosen for this study because it has been found to be a very strong predictor of academic performance. Brewer’s Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) and the Morgan-Jinks Student Efficacy Scale (MJSES) were used to determine a main effect was found between students with a high and low athletic identity. Students with a higher athletic identity were found to have significantly higher academic self-efficacies than students with a low athletic identity.  However, an overall significant difference was not found between gender, grade level, and students with a high and low athletic identity on their academic self-efficacy. As School Psychologists, we can use this information when we are consulting with parents and teachers and share with them the benefits of having a strong athletic identity. 

    Ashley Baker, June 21, 2007, “Peer Acceptance Attitudes: Exploring the Differences Between Transfer, Retained, and Accelerated Students” – Chair:  Dr. Robert Dixon, Committee:  Dr. Tracie Blumentritt and Dr. Emily Johnson.

      Peer acceptance has been found to be an important predictor of future adjustment in children. Additionally, peer acceptance levels have been linked to school transitions, such as changing schools, as well as academic success. The current study surveyed 297 middle school students in grades four through six in order to determine the participants’ peer acceptance attitudes towards hypothetical students of particular transitions. Peer acceptance attitudes were measured using the Attitude Questionnaire. The independent variables of gender and transition type were analyzed using a two by three analysis of variance. The analysis revealed no significant differences based on the interaction between gender and transition, or between transition types. Peer acceptance attitudes were found to be significantly different between males and females with male participants being more accepting of their peers regardless of the transition type. Qualitative data collected on the Attitude Questionnaire found that retained students were described using more negative adjectives than were transfer or accelerated students. Results of this study indicate that personal child characteristics may be more important in determining the appropriateness of a transition than the type of transition involved.

    Aaron Geiger, June 21, 2007, “Goal Orientation among Students Identified with Specific Learning Disabilities” – Chair:  Dr. Robert Dixon, Committee:  Dr. David Reineke and Dr. Carol Angell. 

      Extensive research has been conducted on achievement goals, though no studies have focused on the literature’s most researched achievement goals among students identified with specific learning disabilities (SLD). The current study investigated whether there may be differences between students with respect to the extent to which they endorse particular achievement goals based upon their gender and educational disability status (SLD or regular education [RE]). The tendency of 350 7th and 8th grade participants to endorse learning, performance-approach, performance-avoidance, and work-avoidance goals was assessed with a 22 item survey. A MANOVA revealed that females more strongly endorsed performance-avoidance goals than males and that students identified with a SLD more strongly endorsed work-avoidance goals than RE students. There were no other significant main effects and no interaction effects. The current results were somewhat inconsistent with those found in previous studies with respect to the relationships between both gender and SLD to particular goal orientations. It is believed that this is due in part to inconsistencies in the operationalization of achievement goals between researchers. Further research with more robust sample sizes and clear differentiation and operationalization of achievement goal constructs is needed to clarify the questions investigated in the current study.

    Christine Rentmeester, August 6, 2007, “Goal Orientation among Students Identified with Specific Learning Disabilities” – Chair:  Dr. Betty DeBoer, Committee: Dr. Tracie Blumentritt and Dr. Abdul Elfessi. 

      This study examined the link between school psychology interns’ knowledge about homosexuality and attitudes toward homosexual individuals. It also examined the link between training-related factors and interns’ attitudes about homosexuality.  Previous research demonstrated a link between knowledge about homosexuality and positive attitudes toward the gay men and lesbians (Herek, 1984). Previous research also showed a lack of training for school psychologists in the area of providing services to youth affected by issues related to sexuality (Savage, Prout, & Chard, 2004).  A total of 67 school psychology interns from California, Texas, and Wisconsin completed on online survey of training background, attitudes toward homosexuality, and knowledge about homosexuality. Results of a correlation between attitudes about homosexuality and knowledge about homosexuality did not demonstrate a re