Musculoskeletal System

Combining forms:
acetabul/o: acetabulum (hip socket)
acro/o: extremeties
acromi/o: acromion
ankyl/o: crooked, bent, stiff
aponeur/o: aponeurosis (type of tendon)
arthr/o: joint
articul/o: joint
blast/o: developing cell
burs/o: bursa (sac of fluid near joints)
calcane/o: calcaneus (heel bone)
calc/o: calcium
calci/o: calcium
calei/o: calcium
carp/o: carpus (wrist bone)
cervic/o: neck, neck of uterus, cervix
chondr/o: cartilage
clavicul/o: clavicle (collar bone)
coccyg/o: coccyx (tale bone)
condyl/o: condyle
cost/o: ribs
crani/o: skull
fasci/o: fascia
femor/o: femur (thigh bone)
fibr/o: fibers, fibrous tissue
fibros/o: fibrous tissue
fibul/o: fibula
humer/o: humorus (upper arm bone)
ili/o: ilium
ischi/o: ischium (part of hip bone)
kinesi/o: movement, motion
kyph/o: humpback
lamin/o: lamina (part of vertebral arch)
lapar/o: abdominal wall
leiomy/o: smooth (visceral) muscle
ligament/o: ligament
lord/o: swayback, curve
lumb/o: lower back, loins
malleol/o: malleolus
mandibul/o: lower jaw bone
maxill/o: upper jaw bone
menisc/o: meniscus (crescent)
metacarp/o: metacarpals (hand bones)
my/o: muscle
myel/o: spinal cord, bone marrow
myelon/o: bone marrow
myocardi/o: heart muscle
myos/o: muscle
olecran/o: elbow
om/a: shoulder
orth/o: straight
oste/o: bone
patell/o: patella
pelv/o: pelvic bone, hip
perone/o: fibula
petr/o: stone
phalang/o: phalanges (finger and toe bones)
pub/o: pubis (part of hip bone)
pyr/o: fever
rachi/o: spinal column, vertebrae
radi/o: radius (lateral lower arm bone), x-rays
rhabdomy/o: striated (skeletal) muscle
sacr/o: sacrum
sarc/o: flesh (connective tissue)
scapul/o: scapula, shoulder bone
scoli/o: crooked, bent
spondyl/o: vertebrea (backbones)
stern/o: sternum (breastbone)
submaxill/o: lower jaw bone
syndesm/o: ligament
synovi/o: synovia (joint fluid)
tars/o: tarsals (ankle bone)
ten/o: tendon
tend/o: tendon
tendin/o: tendons
thorac/o: chest
tibi/o: tibia (shin bone)
uln/o: ulna (medial lower arm bone)
vertebr/o: vertebrae (backbones)

Prefix:
amphi-: on both sides
de-: lack of
di-: complete, through
dia-: complete, through
inter-: between
peri-: surrounding
supra-: above
sym-: together, with
syn-: together, with

Suffix:
-asthenia: weakness
-blast: embryonic, immature
-clasia: break
-clasis: break
-clast: break
-desis: binding together
-lemma: sheath, covering
-malacia: softening
-physis: grow, growth
-porosis: passage
-schisis: to split
-sthenia: strength
-trophy: nourishment, development

Specific bones:
acteabul/o: acetabulum (socket of hip bone into which the head of the thigh bone fits)
acromi/o: acromion
astragal/o: astraglus (ankle bone)
brachi/o: arm
calcane/o: calcaneus (heel bone)
carp/o: carpus (wrist bones)
chir/o: hand
clavic/o: clavicle (collar bone)
clavicul/o: clavicle (collar bone)
cost/o: ribs
dactyl/o: fingers
femor/o: femur (thigh bone)
fibul/o: fibula (smaller of the two leg bones)
gnath/o: jaw
humer/o: humerus
ili/o: ilium (superior portion of the hipbone)
ischi/o: ischium (inferior dorsal part of the hip bone)
mandibul/o: lower jaw bone
maxill/o: upper jaw bone
metacarp/o: metacarpals (hand bones)
olecran/o: elbow
patell/o: patella (knee cap)
ped/o: foot
pelv/i: pelvic bone
pelv/o: pelvic bone
perone/o: fibula
phalang/o: phalanges (finger and toe bones)
pod/o: foot
pubi/o: pubis (interior, inferior part of the hip bone)
pub/o: pubis (interior, inferior part of the hip bone)
radi/o: radius (lateral lower arm bone)
scapul/o: scapula (shoulder bone
stern/o: sternum (breast bone)
submaxill/o: lower jaw bone
tibi/o: tibia (shin bone)
uln/o: ulna (medial lower arm bone)
 

Muscle Action
Meaning
abduction:  movement away from the midline of the body.
adduction:  movement toward the midline of the body.
dorsiflexion:  decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot bends backward.
extension:  increasing the angle between two bones; straightening out a limb.
flexion:  decreasing the angle between two bones; bending a limb.
insertion of muscle:  a connection of the muscle to the bone that moves.
origin of a muscle:  connection of the muscle to a stationary bone.
plantar flexion:  the motion that increases the angle in ankle joint as when "pointing the toes" or extending the foot toward the ground. Plant/o means sole of the foot.
pronation:  facing downward; as applied to the hand, the palm moves from an anterior to a posterior position.
rotation: circular movement around an axis.
supination:  facing upward; as applied to the hand, the palm moves from a posterior to an anterior position.