Citation Style Guide
The Chicago Manual of Style: The Essential Guide for Writers, Editors, and Publishers.
Turabian,
Kate L. A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and
Dissertations:
Clark, Vincent Alan. A Guide to Your History Course: What Every Student Needs to Know. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson, 2009
●Books
●Public Documents
●Websites
●Sources in Performing Arts
●Journal Articles
●Unpublished Sources
●Magazine Articles
●Newspapers
F= Footnote or Endnote
B= Bibliography
Ex
F=Example in
Footnote/Endnote
Ex B=Example
in Bibliography
Books
One author
Ex
B: Author’s Last Name, First Name.
Title.
B: Orwell, George. 1984.
Ex F: Author’s First and Last Name,
Title (
F: George Orwell, 1984 (New York: Signet Classic, 1950), 51-53.
Books with multiple
authors:
ExB:
Author’s Last Name, First and next Author’s First then Last
Name. Title.
B:
Silber, Laura, and Allan Little.
Ex F: Author’s First and Last Name, and next Author’s First and Last
Name, Title (
F: Laura Silber and Allan Little,
Books with an
editor or translator in place of an author:
ExB:
Editor’s Last Name, First and next Editor’s First then Last
Name, eds. or trans. Title.
B:
Cheng, Pei-kai, Michael Lestz, and Jonathon D. Spence, eds.
The Search for Modern
Ex F: Translator’s First and Last Name, and next Translator’s First
and Last Name, eds. or trans.,
Title (
F: Pei-kai Cheng, Michael Lestz, and Jonathan D. Spence, eds., The Search for Modern China (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1999), 445.
Extra Information: Use the editors or translators the same you would use authors, just add eds. for editors and trans. for translators.
Books
with an editor or translator in addition to an author:
ExB:
Author’s Last Name, First.
Title. Translated or Edited by Translator or Editor.
B: Zhong, Luo Guan. Romance of the Three Kingdoms: San Guo Yan Yi. Translated by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor. Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, 1925.
Ex F: Author’s First and Last Name,
Title, trans. or ed. by Translator or Editor (
F: Luo Guan Zhong, Romance of the Three Kingdoms: San Guo Yan Yi, trans. C.H. Brewitt-Taylor (Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, 1925), 247-248.
Extra Information: When adding the Editor or Translator, use First then Last Name. For Bibliography write out Translated or Edited by. For Footnotes use the abbreviations.
Edition
ExB:
Authors Name. Year of publication.
Book Title. Edition
number followed by
B:
Worzella, Andy. 2006.
Coming to
Additional Information: If you cite a book published in more than one edition, always indicate in your reference list which edition you consulted because editions may differ. “Revised editions”-include the number or description of the edition after the title. Abbreviate such wording as “second edition, revised and enlarged” as 2nd ed.; abbreviate “Revised Edition” as Rev. ed. Include the publication date only of the edition you are citing, not of any pervious editions. “Reprint Editions”- cite the reprint edition if you used it.
ExB: Authors Name. Year of publication. Book Title. Edition number followed by ed. Volume number. City of publication: Company.
B:
Pelikan, Jaroslav. 1989.
Christian doctrine and modern culture and modern culture (since
1700). Vol. 5 of The
Christian tradition: A history of the development of doctrine.
Additional Information: Specific Volume: If the volume has a title different from the work as a whole list the title of the specific volume, followed by both the volume numbers and the general title. Abbreviate vol. and use Arabic numbers for volume numbers. If the volumes are not titled individually and you are citing only one, add the volume number to the reference list entry. In a parenthetical citation, put the volume umber immediately before the page number, separated by a colon and no intervening spaces. Put information about the individual editor or author of the volume after the individual volume title and before the volume number and general title in a reference list entry.
Reprinted
book
B: Myrdal, Gunnar. Population: A Problem for Democracy. 1940. Reprint. (Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith,1956) p. ?
Series
ExB: Authors Name. Year of publication. Book Title. City of publication: Company.
B:
Markman, Charles W. 1991.
Public Document
ExB: Last, First M. or Organization. Title of Document. # Cong. (if applicable),
# session, Report #. Place: Publisher, Date.
B:
Environment. Global Nuclear Technology. Reported by Xavier Wilkins
and Christian Tatsch. 92nd Cong., 1st sess., 1974. Committee Print 12.
ExF: #. First M. Last or Organization, Title of Document, # Cong. (if applicable),
session, Report # (Place: Publisher, Date), Pages.
F: 29. U. S. Congress, House, Committee on the Judiciary, Sex Tourism Prohibition Improvement Act of 2002, 107th Cong., 2d Session, Report no. 107-525 (Washington, D. C.: G.P.P., 2002), 14-15.
Author, title of page in quotes, title or owner of this site, URL [access date].
10. Jeff Rybacki, “
How to cite an electronic journal article
Journal articles that you access on line should include a full citation including author, title of the article/review, title and publication information of the journal, and web access date and url.
No named
author
Name of the owner of the site, title in quotes, title or owner of the site, URL [access date].
10. Green Bay Packers, “News,” Green Bay Packers, http://www.packers.com/
news/ [accessed March 8, 2008].
Informal
site with no title
ExF: organization name, description of content, URL [access date].
F: 10. Camp Taconic Aumni, 1995 photo gallery, http://www.taconicalumni.org/ 1955.htm [accessed June 1, 2005].
Weblog
ExF: author of site, title in quotes, blog name, entry posted (place full month, date, year), URL [access date].
F: 10. Faiza Al-Arji, “Going among small worries, and big…,” A
Family in
Citing a
comment posted on a blog
ExF: Comment author’s name or pseud. in brackets if not complete or pseudonym, comment on (article title commenting on in quotes), blog name, comment posted (place full month, date, year), URL [accessed].
F: a.decker [pseudo.], comment on “Kuwaiti Range Hazards,” Miserable Donuts, comment posted February 16, 2008, https://www.blogger.com/comment.g? blogID=13196755&postID=5203123989481772122 [accessed March 8, 2008].
Sources
in Performing Arts
Live
Performances
ExF: individual performer, instrument, title of work (if titles of shorter works, use quotes, all others italicize), by (composer), directed by (director), venue, location, date.
F: 10. Elinor Niemsito, harp, “Candlelight Carol,” by John Rutter, Viterbo Fine Arts Center, La Crosse, December 9, 2007.
Paintings, Sculptures, photographs, and other artworks
Name of artist, title (quote only photographs, all others italicize), date of its creation (use ca. if approximate), identify source, publication info if in published source, name of institution it is housed in, location.
10. Georgia O’Keefe, The Cliff Chimneys,
1938,
12. Georgia O’Keefe, The Cliff Chimneys,
1938, in Barbara Buhler Lynes, Lesley Poling-Kempes, and
Fredrick W. Turner, Georgia O’Keefe and
Journal Articles
ExB: Last Name, First Name, “Article Title,” Journal Title volume and issue number (Date of Publication): Page numbers.
B:
Beattie, J.M. “The pattern of Crime in
F: Ann Grodzins Gold. “Grains of Truth: Shifting Hierarchies of food and Grace in Three Rajasthani Tales.” History of Religions 38, no.2 (1998): 150-71.
Foot notes and end notes- Format notes in the same way as bibliographies except the author’s name is not reversed and it is first line indented instead of hanging indent.
Article Title- List complete articles titles and subtitles, separate the title from the subtitle with a colon. Words normally italicized in the title remain so. Do not put a period or comma after titles ending with a question mark or exclamation point.
Date of Publication- Use the date of publication used by the journal. Include the year and month or season if the journal does. Capitalize the season. If an article has not been published yet place the word forthcoming in the parentheses and omit the page numbers.
Special Issues and Supplements- If the special issue has a title and editor of its own, include both in the citations. Add the words special issue before the journal title and follow it with a period. Supplements are numbered, often, with an S as part of the page numbers. Use a comma between the volume number and supplement number.
Unpublished Sources
Theses
and Dissertations
ExB: Author. “Title.” kind of thesis, academic institution, date.
B:
Murphy, Priscilla Coit.
“What a Book Can Do: Silent Spring and Media-Borne Public
Debate.” PhD diss.,
F: 1. Karen Leigh Culcasi, “Cartographic Representations of
Kurdistan in the Print Media” (master’s thesis,
For online database, add name of database, URL and access date
following institutional information.
Lectures
and Papers presented at Meetings
ExB: Author. “Title.” List of sponsorship, location, date of
meeting.
B:
Skocpol, Theda.
“Voice and Inequality: The
Transformation of American Civic Democracy.” Presidential
address, annual meeting of the American Political Science
Association,
F: 2. John Troutman,
“Indian Blues:
American Indians and the Politics of Music, 1890-1935” (lecture,
Newberry Library,
Interview
and Personal Communications
ExF: Interviewee, interviewer, place, date, location of any tapes or
transcripts(if available).
F: 14. Benjamin Spock, interview by Milton J. E. Senn, November 20,
1974, interview 67A, transcript, Senn Oral History Collection,
National Library of Medicine,
Explain if names were withheld in a note or preface. (“All
interviews were confidential.”)
Manuscript Collections
ExB:
Author, date, title or type of document, name of collection,
name of depository.
B:
Dinkel, Joseph. Description of Louis Agassiz written at
the request of Elizabeth Cary Agassiz.
F:
5. George Creel to Colonel House, September 25, 1918, Edward M.
House Papers, Yale University Library, New Haven, CT.
Magazine Articles
ExB: Author, “Title of Article,” Title of Magazine, Date, Year.
B:
Eric Wills. “Paradise Lost: McMansions multiply in an
N:
Wills, Eric, “Paradise Lost: McMansions multiply in an
If citing a department or column that
appears frequently, capitalize it headline style and do not
enclose it in quotation marks.
For a department without a named author, use the name of
the magazine in place of the author in a bibliography entry.
Newspaper Citation
ExB:
Author (last name, first name). “Title of Article.” Title of
Newspaper. (Date):
pages.
B: Tyler
Marshall, “200th Birthday of Grimms Celebrated,”
Los Angeles Times,
(15 March 1985) sec. 1A, p.6.
F:
1. Author’s full name. “Title of Article.” Title of
Newspaper. (Date of
Publication) section and page numbers.
Inserting Footnotes into a MS Word document
When you’re
working on an academic paper, it is important to cite your
references. Using MS
Word, it can be very simple to use footnotes in your document to
provide citation for sources.
A footnote or an endnote consists of two linked parts:
the
note reference mark and the
corresponding note text.
A
footnote is a note of text placed at the bottom of a
page in a book or document.
The note comments on and may
cite a
reference for part of the
main body of text. A footnote is normally flagged by a
superscript number
following that portion of the text the note is in reference to.
Follow these steps to insert footnotes into your document:
1. Place the cursor where the footnote mark should be inserted
2. On the Insert menu, select Reference
3. On the Reference submenu, click Footnote…
4. Make sure Footnote is selected in the Location section
5. Select Bottom of page, if it is not already selected
6. Click Insert
7. Type in citation
Consolidating footnotes within a paragraph
If you have multiple citations from the same source within one paragraph, you may consolidate these citations into one at the end of the paragraph. Simply combine all of the page numbers in one author/title/source citation.
How to cite multiple references from the same source
The first reference to any source always includes complete information. Subsequent references to that reference may be abbreviated to include the author’s last name and a page number. If you are citing more than one work by an author, then these subsequent references need to include an abbreviated title.