PHYSICS (PHY)

Professors: Pillai, Sudhakaran; Associate Professors: Barmore, Jackson, M., Ragan; Assistant Professors: Allen, Klindworth; Lecturer: Jackson, W.

Physics Department

Honors Program

All physics majors and minors are strongly encouraged to register for one credit of PHY 497 every semester.

Note:

Mathematics majors wishing a double major in mathematics and physics may count PHY 461 (cross-listed with MTH 461) and PHY 470 for credit in both the mathematics major and the physics major. Mathematics majors may count PHY 461 (cross-listed with MTH 461) and PHY 470 for credit in both the mathematics major and the physics minor.

Dual Degree Program

in Engineering and Physics

This is a special dual degree program which enables a student to receive both a Bachelor of Science (Physics major) from UW-La Crosse and a Bachelor of Science (Engineering major) from UW-Madison, UW-Milwaukee, UW-Platteville, or the University of Minnesota. The total length of time for both degrees is expected to be five years with approximately three years at UW-La Crosse and approximately two years at UW-Madison, UW-Milwaukee, UW-Platteville, or the U. of Minnesota. At UW-La Crosse, students must complete a minimum of 85 credits, including the General Education requirements (students are recommended to include ECO 110 and ECO 120) and CHM 103, 104; C-S 120; MTH 207, 208, 309, 310; PHY 103 or 203, 104 or 204, 250 and four out of the following seven courses: PHY 302, 311, 321, 332, 335, 343, 401; plus an additional three credits in PHY 498 or other courses in any area of experimental physics. Students wishing a dual degree in Chemical Engineering and Physics via this program must also complete an additional specified course (or courses) in chemistry.

Students who express interest in the dual degree program will be selected for entrance into the UW-Madison, UW-Milwaukee, UW-Platteville, or U. of Minnesota portion of the program based on their G.P.A. in all course work; their G.P.A. in the chemistry, computer science, mathematics, and physics course work required by the program; and the positive recommendation of the UW-La Crosse Physics Department Chair (or designee). Qualified UW-La Crosse applicants are assured admission in the College of Engineering at UW-Madison or UW-Milwaukee; the College of Engineering, Mathematics & Sciences at UW-Platteville or the Institute of Technology at U. of Minnesota.

In order to receive the B.S. degree (Physics major) from UW-La Crosse, students must also complete the remaining 35 credits (to total a minimum of 120 credits) in engineering at UW-Madison, UW-Milwaukee, UW-Platteville, or U. of Minnesota and transfer these credits to UW-La Crosse. For the typical student, the remaining 35 credits must include at least 15 credits at the 300 level or above and at least 13 credits from the College of Engineering, College of Engineering, Mathematics & Sciences, or the Institute of Technology. This transfer of credits and awarding of the B.S. degree (Physics major) by UW-L can take place as soon as the student earns the necessary credits.

Physics Major

(All colleges, excluding Teacher Certification programs) — 38 credits, including 29 credits of the following core courses: PHY 103 or 203, 104 or 204, 250, 302, 303, 311, 321, 332, 343, 401 and at least nine credits from electives numbered higher than PHY 250 or from any AST course.

Physics Major with Computational Physics Emphasis

(All colleges, excluding Teacher Certification programs) — 39 credits, including: PHY 103 or 203, PHY 104 or 204, 250, 311, 374, 464, C-S 220, and at least one credit of PHY 498; and 14 additional credits from PHY 302, 303, 321, 332, 335, 343, 401, 1-2 credits of 498, C-S 270, C-S 340, C-S 351 or MTH 371.

Physics Major with Optics Emphasis

(All colleges, excluding Teacher Certification programs) — 40 credits, including: PHY 103 or 203, 104 or 204, 250, 302, 303, 311, 321, 332, 335, 343, 401, 476 and three credits of 498 with a project in optics. (This emphasis is also especially suitable for chemistry students.)

Physics Major with Business Concentration

(All colleges, excluding Teacher Certification programs) — 55 credits, including: PHY 103 or 203, 104 or 204, 250, 302, 303, 311, 335, and at least eight additional credits of electives in physics numbered higher than PHY 250 or from any AST course; ECO 110, 120; ACC 221, 222; FIN 355; MKT 309; MGT 308, 408; and electives in accounting, economics, finance, management, marketing and physics.

Physics Major with Biomedical Concentration

(All colleges, excluding Teacher Certification programs) — 56 credits. A minimum of 32 credits of Physics, including PHY 103 or 203, 104 or 204, 250, 302, 303, 311, 335, and at least 11 additional credits of electives in physics numbered higher than 250. A minimum of 24 credits outside physics, including MTH 145 or 250, 309, CHM 300 (or CHM 303, 304, 305 or CSC 421), BIO 312, 313, and electives in biology, chemistry, mathematics, and microbiology at the 300/400 level.

Astronomy

(AST)

The best preparation for prospective astronomers is a strong physics background. Consequently an astronomy major/minor is not offered, but rather a physics major with astronomy emphasis, which includes both astronomy courses and physics courses.

Physics Department Honors Program with Astronomy

Emphasis Requirements

B. Program

1. AST 497: Physics and Astronomy Seminar will be offered each semester

All astronomy emphasis majors and minors are strongly encouraged to register for one credit of AST 497 every semester.

Physics Major with

Astronomy Emphasis

(All colleges, excluding Teacher Certification programs) — 39 credits, including: AST 155, 156, 362, 363, 466; PHY 103 or 203, 104 or 204, 250, 321, 332, 343, 302, 303 or 401.

Physics Minor

(All colleges, excluding Teacher Certification programs) — 24 credits, including 13 credits of the following core courses: PHY 103 or 203, 104 or 204, 250, 311 and at least 11 credits from electives numbered higher than PHY 250 or from any AST course. Students also have the option of concentrating their studies in computational physics or optics by choosing their electives appropriately. (This minor is also especially suitable for chemistry, computer science and mathematics students.)

Physics Minor with

Astronomy Emphasis

24 credits, including: AST 155, 156; PHY 103 or 203, 104 or 204, 250, and electives from any AST courses. (This minor is also especially suitable for chemistry, computer science and mathematics students.)

General Science Major (Broadfield )

(Middle Level/Secondary Education) — See description of this broadfield major on p. 71. Electives may include any AST course or CHM 309 or MTH 461 or courses numbered higher than PHY 204.

+ above a course number indicates a General Education course.

+

PHY 103 Cr. 4

Fundamental Physics I

A broad introduction to the study of physics using the techniques of algebra. Topics covered are vectors, kinematics, Newton’s laws of motion, circular motion, work, energy, momentum, rigid body motion, angular momentum, torque, oscillatory motion, gravitation, fluid mechanics, waves, resonances, temperature, ideal gases, heat, first and second laws of thermodynamics, kinetic theory of gases, heat engines and entropy. Additional topics will be selected from chaos, black holes, solar system mechanics, computational physics, rocket motion and wherever possible applications to other fields of science such as chemistry, biology, geology, medicine and engineering will be discussed. Lect. 3, Lab. 2. MTH 150 recommended. (Students familiar with calculus are strongly advised to take PHY 203 instead of this course.) Offered Sem. I.

PHY 104 Cr. 4

Fundamental Physics II

Continuation of PHY 103. Topics covered are electric forces and fields, electric potential, electrical circuit theory and applications, magnetic fields, electromagnetic induction, Maxwell’s equations, alternating current circuits, electromagnetic waves and the nature of light, lenses, mirrors, telescopes, microscopes, cameras, interference and diffraction of light, Einstein’s theory of relativity, wave-particle duality, Einstein interpretation of photoelectric effect, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Bohr model of hydrogen atom and Pauli exclusion principle. Additional topics will be selected from lasers and holography, superconductivity, nuclear physics, elementary particles, astrophysics and cosmology. Lect. 3, Lab. 2. MTH 150 recommended. Offered Sem. II.

+

PHY 106 Cr. 4

Physical Science for Educators

A survey course focusing on applied physical science and the nature of scientific knowledge. Fundamental theories about the nature and interactions of matter and energy are developed using self-paced, small group, inquiry based teaching modules. The scientific knowledge developed is applied to issues of technology in society and everyday use situations. Emphasis is on modeling science teaching practices advocated by state and national science education standards using active learner practices. Open only to pre-elementary and pre-elementary/middle level students. Lect. 3,

Lab. 2.

+

PHY 125 Cr. 4

Physics for the Life Sciences

An introductory study of matter and energy primarily for life science and allied health students. Description of matter, motion, energy, thermodynamics, waves, light electricity, topics in modern physics, with applications to the life sciences. Lect. 3, Lab. 2. Prerequisite: MTH 150 recommended. Offered Sem. II.

+

PHY/AST 155 Cr. 4

Solar System Astronomy

Astronomy as an observational science. Topics studied include: The history of astronomy; astronomical observations; measuring the sky; motions of the Earth, Moon, Sun and planets; models of the solar system; the planets and their moons; comets, asteroids and meteoroids; and the structure and formation of the solar system. Lect. 3, Lab. 2. (Cross-listed with AST; may only earn credit in PHY or AST, not both.)

PHY/AST 156 Cr. 4

Stars and Galaxies

A study of the nature of light, the sun, properties of other stars, star clusters, the Milky Way galaxy, other galaxies, quasars, black holes, and cosmology. Particular emphasis will be placed on discoveries made in the last several years such as the nature of dark matter, foam structure of the universe, fingerprints of the very early universe discovered with the cosmic background explorer satellite, Supernova 1987A, neutrino astrophysics and solar neutrinos, unified black hole models of quasars, Seyfert galaxies and BL Lac objects and gravitational wave observatories. Lect. 3, Lab. 2. Prerequisite: AST/PHY 155. (Cross-listed with AST; may only earn credit in PHY or AST, not both.) Offered Sem. II.

+

PHY 203 Cr. 4

General Physics I

A broad introduction to the study of physics using the techniques of calculus. Topics covered are vectors, kinematics, Newton’s laws of motion, circular motion, work, energy, momentum, rigid body motion, angular momentum, torque, oscillatory motion, gravitation, fluid mechanics, waves, resonances, temperature, ideal gases, heat, first and second laws of thermodynamics, kinetic theory of gases, heat engines and entropy. Additional topics will be selected from chaos, black holes, solar system mechanics, computational physics, rocket motion and wherever possible, applications to other fields of science such as chemistry, biology, geology, medicine and engineering will be discussed. Lect. 3, Lab. 2. Prerequisite: MTH 207 or concurrent enrollment. Offered Sem. I.

PHY 204 Cr. 4

General Physics II

Continuation of Physics 203. Topics covered are electric forces and fields, electric potential,

electrical circuit theory and applications,

magnetic fields, electromagnetic induction, Maxwell’s equations, alternating current circuits, electromagnetic waves and the nature of light, lenses, mirrors, telescopes, microscopes, cameras, interference and diffraction of light, Einstein’s theory of relativity, wave-particle duality, Einstein interpretation of photoelectric effect, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Bohr model of hydrogen atom, Pauli exclusion principle. Additional topics will be selected from lasers and holography, superconductivity, nuclear physics, elementary particles, astrophysics and cosmology. Lect. 3, Lab. 2. Prerequisite: PHY 103 or 203 and MTH 208 or concurrent enrollment. (This course is highly recommended for all science students who have a familiarity with calculus.) Offered Sem. II.

PHY 250 Cr. 3

Modern Physics

The application of principles studied in fundamental or general physics to various areas of research and technology at the forefront of modern physical science. Topics include more detailed studies of special relativity, quantum mechanics, atomic structure, excited states, lasers, crystals, semiconductors, high temperature superconductivity, nuclear structure, nuclear reactions, quarks, nucleons, mesons, astrophysics, cosmology, the early universe and the big bang. This course is also especially suitable for chemistry, computer science and mathematics students. Prerequisite: PHY 104 or 204 and MTH 150. Offered Sem. I.

PHY 302 Cr. 3

Optics

Geometrical theory of optical systems with emphasis on physical optics including wave theory of light, interference, diffraction, photometry, electromagnetic theory of light, propagation of light, optical activity, speed of light. This course is also especially suitable for chemistry students. Lect. 3. Prerequisite: PHY 104 or 204, MTH 208, and MTH 309 or concurrent enrollment. Offered

Sem. II.

PHY 303 Cr. 1

Optics Laboratory

A hands-on laboratory course in optics. Selected experiments from geometrical and physical optics to reinforce the basic principles. Use of modern optical devices such as lasers, detectors, and interferometers. Prerequisite: PHY 104 or 204, MTH 208, and MTH 309 or concurrent enrollment. Offered Sem. II.

PHY 311 Cr. 2

Experimental Physics Laboratory

Basic techniques of measurement used in all areas of experimental physics. Mechanical, thermal, acoustical, optical, and electrical measuring devices. Lab. 4. Prerequisite: PHY 104 or 204 and MTH 150. Offered Sem. I.

PHY 321 Cr. 3

Classical Mechanics

Rigorous mathematical development of classical dynamics using vector calculus. Dynamics of a single particle, systems of particles, 2-body motion, rigid bodies, Lagrange’s equations, Hamiltonian mechanics, variational principle, coupled oscillations, Einstein’s theory of special relativity. In addition, the course will involve extensive discussion of the recent dramatic discoveries in chaos theory. This course is also especially suitable for mathematics students. Prerequisite: PHY 104 or 204, MTH 208, and MTH 309 or concurrent enrollment. Offered Sem. I.

PHY 332 Cr. 3

Electrodynamics

Fundamental concepts such as vector fields and vector operators, dipole and multipole fields, current distributions and the field quantities which describe surrounding conditions. Solution of LaPlace’s and Poisson’s equations for given sets of boundary conditions. Recognition and use of mathematical abstractions of the fundamental nature of the electromagnetic field. Maxwell’s Equations, propagation of electromagnetic waves in conducting and nonconducting media. The course will also include an extensive discussion of Einstein’s theory of relativistic electro-dynamics. This course is also especially suitable for mathematics students. Prerequisite: PHY 104 or 204, MTH 208 and MTH 309 or concurrent enrollment. Offered Sem. II.

PHY 335 Cr. 4

Electronics

This course covers both analog and digital electronics. The lectures discuss material to support the laboratory which includes exercises in the following areas: meters, oscilloscopes, strain gage, diodes, operational amplifiers, gates, flip flops, A/D and D/A conversion, and computer interfacing. This course is intended for those who want a wide command of a wide range of modern electronic concepts and components. This course is also especially suitable for chemistry and computer science students. Lect. 3, Lab. 3. Prerequisite: PHY 104 or PHY 204 or previous experience with electronics and MTH 150. Offered Sem. I.

PHY 343 Cr. 3

Thermodynamics

This course explores first and second laws of thermodynamics; thermodynamic properties of gases, vapors, and gas-vapor mixtures; energy-systems analysis including power cycles, refrigeration cycles and air-conditioning processes. It provides an introduction to thermodynamics of reacting mixtures. Prerequisite: PHY 104 or 204, MTH 208, and MTH 309 or concurrent enrollment. Offered Sem. II.

PHY/AST 362 Cr. 3

Astrophysics

This course will emphasize modern topics like stellar evolution, stellar and big bang nucleo-synthesis, solar neutrino problem, variable stars, white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes, the interstellar medium, cosmic rays, galaxies and evolution of the very early universe including inflationary models of the big bang and the dark matter problem. Prerequisite: PHY 104 or 204 and MTH 207. (Cross-listed with AST; may only earn credit in PHY or AST, not both.) Offered occasionally.

PHY/AST 363 Cr. 2

Astrophysics Laboratory

An introduction to current observational techniques in astronomy and astrophysics. Students will learn the basics of electronic detection and imaging of stars and galaxies supplemented with computer visualization techniques. Prerequisite: PHY 104 or 204 and MTH 151. (Cross-listed with AST; may only earn credit in PHY or AST, not both.) Offered occasionally.

PHY 374 Cr. 4

Computational Physics

This course is an introduction to the new and rapidly developing field of computational physics. Students will learn the fundamentals of applying numerical, graphical and computational methods to a variety of physics topics ranging from problems in chaos, quantum mechanics, particle physics, fluid dynamics, space radiation and astrophysics. This course is also especially suitable for computer science and mathematics students as well as anyone wishing to seek work in modern industry. Lect.3, Lab.3. Prerequisite: PHY 104 or 204, MTH 208, C-S 120, and MTH 309 or concurrent enrollment. Offered Sem. I.

PHY 376 Cr. 3

Nuclear Radiation

Instruments and Measurements

Structure, behavior, operation and uses of nuclear radiation detection instruments. Qualitative and quantitative measurements of alpha, beta and gamma radiations. Statistics of nuclear counting. Interactions between radiation and matter. Radiation dose. This course is also especially suitable for chemistry and health science students. Lect. 2, Lab. 2. Prerequisite: one year of general physics or general chemistry and MTH 150. Offered Sem. II.

PHY 386 Cr. 3

Radiation Physics

This course, building on a knowledge of basic physics, explores the area of radiation physics. Characteristics of x and gamma rays are described as well as their interactions in air and matter. The principles involved in the production of radiation are investigated. Methods and instrumentation of measurement of radiation are also covered. Prerequisite: MTH 150, PHY 104 or PHY 125, and CHM 104. While designed for radiation therapy majors, the course is open to other students who have met the prerequisite. Offered Sem. I.

PHY 401 Cr. 3

Quantum Mechanics

A comprehensive treatment of the modern theory of quantum mechanics, including the Bohr model of the atom, Rutherford scattering, Schroedinger equation with solutions for barrier penetration, square well and the harmonic oscillator, one electron atoms, selection rules, transition rates, identical particles and the Pauli exclusion principle. The course includes the use of Fourier Series and eigenvalue equations. This course is also especially suitable for chemistry and mathematics students. Prerequisite: PHY 250, MTH 208, and MTH 309 or concurrent enrollment. Offered Sem. II.

PHY 423 Cr. 3

Biomechanics of Human Movement

This course will provide a description of biological tissue properties, skeletal and joint mechanics, muscle mechanics, neurological influences related to movement. Kinematics, kinetics, static and dynamic modeling of the human body will be studied and will require problem solving. The principles of the biomechanics theory associated with human movement are presented to introduce and develop an understanding of the mechanical complexity of biological systems and movement performance. Methods and instruments of measurement (electromyography, force/pressure transducers, motion analysis and isokinetic dynamometers) in biomechanic research. Prerequisite: PHY 103 or 203, 104 or 204, MTH 151 required (MTH 207 and 208 recommended), BIO 312. Offered Sem. I.

PHY 432 Cr. 3

Advanced Electrodynamics

A detailed course covering advanced topics in theoretical electromagnetism. Emphasis will be placed upon general, non-static electromagnetism. Allusion will be made to applications in advanced optics and quantum field theory. Topics will include: detailed analysis of radiation, field transformations and kinematics in Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity, dispersion, wave guides, and Lienard-Wzechert potentials. The mathematical tools for studying these phenomenon will include differential equations (Laplace, Legendre, and Bessel Equations), vector and tensor analysis, Fourier Series, and complex analysis. Prerequisite: MTH 310, 353, and PHY 332. OfferedSem. II, alternate years.

PHY/AST 450/550 Cr. 3-15

Physics and Astronomy Internship

Full- or part-time work experience in a physics or astronomy related position with a public or private agency. Not more than five credits are applicable to a major or three credits to a minor in physics. A written application, departmental acceptance, and appointment of adviser must be completed before registration. Prerequisite: minimum cumulative GPA of 2.25 (2.50 in physics), PHY 104 or 204 plus six credits in physics or astronomy courses above 204 level. (Cross-listed with AST; may only earn credit in PHY or AST, not both.)

PHY/AST 453/553 Cr. 1-3

Topics in Physics and Astronomy

Various subjects of interest to specific groups will be offered on occasion. Specific sub-topics will be assigned each time the course is offered. Such titles might be physical applications of group theory, nuclear physics, cosmic-ray physics, holography, acoustics, archeoastrnomy, advanced experimental physics for school teachers or other areas of current interest. Prerequisite: PHY 104 or 204 or equivalent. Repeatable for credit under different subtitles. (Cross-listed with AST; may only earn credit in PHY or AST, not both.)

PHY 460 Cr. 3

Condensed Matter Physics

This course will include such topics as crystal structure, electrical conductivity, insulators, free electron Fermi gases, energy bands, semiconductors, superconductivity, dielectrics, and ferroelectric crystals. Magnetic phenomena such as diamagnetism, paramagnetism and ferromagnetism will also be studied. Finally, the recent exciting discoveries of high temperature superconductivity and quasicrystals will be explored as well as the relevant technologies. This course is also especially suitable for chemistry students. Prerequisite: PHY 401, MTH 208, and MTH 309 or concurrent enrollment. Offered occasionally.

PHY/MTH 461 Cr. 3

Mathematical Physics

In depth study of topics from vector analysis, Fourier analysis and special functions with emphasis on modeling physical phemomena involving conservative fields, fluid flow, heat conduction, and wave motion. Prerequisite: MTH 353. (Cross-listed with MTH; may only earn credit in PHY or MTH.) PHY 461 may be counted towards both a MTH and PHY major.

PHY/AST 466 Cr. 3

General Relativity and Cosmology

General relativity is the name given to the theory of gravitation developed by Albert Einstein. Topics will include tensor analysis, Einstein field equations and their solution, the search for gravitational waves and an introduction to quantization of the gravitational field. The course will also study how the Einstein field equations led to the prediction of black holes and the big bang. The course will also discuss the work of physicists such as Stephen Hawking via the study of naked singularities, cosmic censorship hypothesis, black hole evaporation and the arrow of time. This course is also especially suitable for mathematics students. Prerequisite: PHY 104 or 204, MTH 309 and 310. (Cross-listed with AST; may only earn credit in PHY or AST, not both.) Offered occasionally.

PHY 470 Cr. 3

Advanced Quantum Mechanics

Topics will include bound states, collision theory, abstract formulations of quantum mechanics, symmetry and group theory, approximation methods, identical particles, spin, and applications to atoms, molecules and nuclei. In addition relativistic quantum mechanics will be introduced as well as second quantization techniques and an introduction to quantum field theory. This course is also especially suitable for chemistry and mathematics students. Prerequisite: PHY 401, MTH 309 and 310. Offered occasionally.

PHY 472 Cr. 3

Particle Physics

An introduction to the exciting field of modern elementary particles. Topics will include Feynman diagrams, quantum electrodynamics, quantum chromodynamics, weak interaction theory, quarks, leptons, intermediate vector bosons, and group theoretical formulations of modern gauge theories. Current ideas concerning grand unified theories, supersymmetry, superstring theory and particle astrophysics will also be discussed. This course is also especially suitable for mathematics students. Prerequisite: PHY 401, MTH 309 and 310. Offered occasionally.

PHY 474 Cr. 4

Advanced Computational Physics

In-depth study of advanced computational

techniques as applied to a wide variety of modern physical phenomena. Topics include scattering, equations of state, stellar structure, atomic structure, nuclear physics, hydrodynamics, and solitons. Monte Carlo methods will also be explored. This course is also especially suitable for computer science and mathematics students. Lect. 3, Lab. 3. Prerequisite: PHY 464, MTH 208, and MTH 309 or concurrent enrollment.

PHY 476 Cr. 4

Advanced Optics

This course involves both theoretical and experimental work on the latest developments in quantum optics. Topics covered are optical detectors, theory and application of lasers, modern optical concepts and technology. Gaussian beams and optical resonators. Far-infrared lasers, interaction of radiation and quantized matter, nonlinear effects and laser spectroscopy. This course is also especially suitable for chemistry students. Lect. 3, Lab. 3. Prerequisite: PHY 302 and 401.

PHY 483 Cr. 3

Instrumentation in Biomechanics

Theory and use of instrumentation related to the study of the clinical biomechanics and research. Students will develop skills and experience necessary for data collection in a laboratory. Topics will include methods of data acquisition using a force and pressure sensors, electromyography (EMG). Methods of signal processing (filtering and post-processing), analyzing, and interpreting data will be explained and performed through laboratory exercises. Laboratory time will be available to collect and process data relative to each laboratory instrument. Clinical EMG and electrical testing of nerves and posturography will also be explained. Lect. 2, Lab. 2. Prerequisite: PHY 103 or 203, 104 or 204, PHY 423, MTH 151 required (MTH 207 and 208 recommended), BIO 312. Offered Sem. II.

PHY/AST 497 Cr. 1

Physics and Astronomy Seminar

This seminar series is especially intended for physics majors and minors and astronomy

students. It will consist of a series of talks given by local and visiting scientists as well as interested students. The course provides an excellent opportunity to find out about the latest developments in physics and astronomy and provides an excellent medium by which students can get to know each other and also their professors. All physics majors and minors are urged to sign up for this seminar every semester. One credit is earned each semester by attending all departmental seminars and by either giving one of the seminars or by writing a short report on any one of the seminars. Repeatable for credit to a maximum of eight credits — a maximum of two credits can be used to satisfy elective requirements. Pass/Fail grading. (Cross-listed with AST; may only earn credit in PHY or AST, not both.)

PHY/AST 498 Cr. 1-9

Physics and Astronomy Research

Independent work by a student under the super-vision of a faculty member. The student must submit a written report and give an oral presentation on the results of the investigation. Regular conferences should be arranged by the student with the adviser. Open to selected advanced students who have excellent records in the department. Admission by consent of the department chair. Repeatable for credit with permission of department chair. (Cross-listed with AST; may only earn credit in PHY or AST, not both.)

Last Modified:August 13, 2003
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