MIC 230 Fundamentals of Microbiology -002

Instructor: Bonnie Jo Bratina, 3029 Cowley Hall

Class meets at 8:50-9:45, T, H, 141 Carl WimberlyHall

||      Lecture Syllabus      ||      Unit 1 links     ||      Unit 1 Study Guide      ||      Unit 2 links       ||      Unit 2 Study guide    ||      Unit 3 links      ||      Final Study guide      ||

Lecture Syllabus

Text: Madigan, M.T., J.M. Martinko, J. Parker. 1997 Brock, Biology of Microorganisms, 11th ed.

Date          Topic                                                                                                             Reading

Sept.   4  Introduction, Scope and History of Microbiology                                         2-20, 300-308

            6  Early Earth, Prok../Euk. Groups, Taxonomy /Phylogeny                               22-27, 35-36, 309-328, 448-465

           11  Structure/Function of the Bacterial Cell:  Cell Envelope                                 63-72 (review. Ch 3)

           13  Structure/Function of the Bacterial Cell:  Cell Envelope                                74-81

           18  Structure/Function of the Bact. Cell: Motility, Cytoplasm, Inclusions           82-100

           20  Bacterial Cultivation/Growth, Nutrient classifications                                  28-29, 102-107, 136-150

           25  Bacterial Physiology:  Enzymes and Energetics *10-Pt Quiz*                    108-117

   27  Bacterial Physiology:  Fermentation                                                             117-120, 571-575

 Oct.        2  Bacterial Physiology:  Respiration                                                                 120-123, 127-128, 557-558

             4  Bacterial Physiology: Chemiosmosis and ATP Synthesis                             123-127, 545-549, 130-133

   9  75-Point Exam I 

 11  Prokaryotic Molecular Biology:  Structure and Function of DNA       167-170, 174-181, 188-203

 16  Bacterial Genetics:  Mutations and Mutants                                               257-265, 284-287

           18  Bacterial Genetics:  Recombination, Repair, and Use of Mutants                266-268      

           23  Bacterial Genetics:  Gene Transfer (conjugation)                                        274-279, 282

           25  Virology: Classification, Structure and Replication *15-Point Quiz*        231-242, 245-246, 253-254

           30  Bac. Gen.: Gene Transf.(transduction/transformation)                                268-274   

  Nov.      1  Recombinant DNA Technology                                                                  287-288, 970-972, 981-991

             6  Control of Microorganisms:  Physical Effects                                             150-165, 670-677

             8  Control of Microorganisms: Chemical Effects                                            677-681, 924-930

           13  Chemotherapy                                                                                             681-685, 692-699

           15  Pathogenic Bacteriology:  Virulence Factors                                               12-14, 701-702, 710-721, 821-827

           20  75-Point Exam II

           22 Thanksgiving - no class

           27  Pathogenic Bacteriology:  Examples of Diseases Caused by Microbes      789-791, 848-858, 869-873, 890-

                                                                                                                                     895, 899-904, 914-920, 930-938

          29  Host Parasite Relationships; Immunology: Nonspecific Defense               703, 722-736

 Dec.     4  Immunology:  Specific Defense Mechanisms *10-Point Quiz*               736-739, 743-749, 751-754   

           6  Food and Industrial Microbiology                                                               942-968

          11  Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology                                  614-631, 647-655, 907-914

  19   125-Point Final exam, 12:15-2:15 p.m. (part comprehensive)

Note:  Any student with a documented disability (e.g. physical, psychiatric, vision or hearing, etc.) who needs to arrange reasonable accommodations must contact the instructor and the Disability Resource Services Office (165 Murphy Library, 785-6900) at the beginning of the semester.  Students who are currently using the Disability Resource Services office will have a copy of a contract that verifies they are qualified students with disabilities who have documentation on file in the Disability Resource Services office.

Useful Unit 1 links

NOTE: All links to the Microbe Library (sponsored and run by the American Society of Microbiology) will first send you to an authorization page.  If all you are doing is viewing the site/animation then all you need to do is agree to the conditions in order to get to the link you want.

Binary fission

http://www.microbelibrary.org/FactSheet.asp?SubmissionID=435

 

Catabolism and anabolism

http://www.microbelibrary.org/FactSheet.asp?SubmissionID=558

 

Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration/ATP synthesis (interactive animation)

http://www.microbelibrary.org/FactSheet.asp?SubmissionID=755

 

Aerobic respiration animation

http://www.microbelibrary.org/FactSheet.asp?SubmissionID=377

 

Animation of electron transport and chemiosmosis in bacteria

http://www.microbelibrary.org/images/Tterry/anim/ETSbact.html

 

1^st Exam Study Guide

            The first exam will be 75 pts and will cover all the lectures up to (but not including) the Prokaryotic Molecular Biology lecture. The exam will consist of several styles of examination questions including matching, fill in the blank, diagrams and short answer essay.

Specific suggestions of material to understand include (but is not limited to):

•       KNOW YOUR DEFINITIONS!
•       Be familiar with the principles of microbial classification and evolution
•       Know prokaryotes, eukaryotes, the three domains, their characteristics, similarities, and differences.
•       What significant historical milestones have we discussed and why were they important?
•       What are the differences between gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria?  Bacteria and Archaea?
•       Know your cell structures (membranes, walls, inclusions, capsules, flagella, etc.), including:
•                              - what are the components of the structure and their arrangement?
•                               -what is (are) the function(s)?
•                               -is it common to all cells or restricted to certain groups?
•                               -any special characteristics?
•       Know the basics of growth (no equations) and the classifications based on carbon and energy sources.
•       What is an enzyme and why is it important to the cell?
•       What is meant by energetics? Why do different compounds provide different amounts of energy? Why doesn't an energy source provide the same amount of energy to all organisms?
•       What are the differences between anabolism and catabolism?
•       What are electron carriers, where are they found, and what do they do?
•       What are the different types of energy generation - what are their similarities and differences?
•       What are the strategies used to generate energy by fermentation and respiration pathways?
•       Know the purpose and the key points of glycolysis and the TCA cycle - You will not be expected to draw out the pathways.
•       Fermentation results in large amounts of waste products - why?  How do we take advantage of this?
•       What are the different ways ATP can be synthesized? Compare and contrast these processes.
•       What do we mean by terminal electron acceptor -how does this differ for fermentation and respiration? aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

»Life is driven by nothing else but electrons, by the energy given off by these electrons while cascading down from the high level to which they have been boosted up by photons.  An electron going around is a little current.  What drives life is thus a little electric current, kept up by the sunshine. All the complexities of intermediary metabolism are but lacework around this basic fact.» -Albert Szent-Györgyi

Useful Unit 2 links

Prokaryotic transcription

http://www.microbelibrary.org/FactSheet.asp?SubmissionID=378

 

Prokaryotic translation

http://www.microbelibrary.org/FactSheet.asp?SubmissionID=379

 

2^nd Exam Study Guide

            The second exam will be 75 pts and will cover all the lectures through (and including) Chemical control and antibiotics.  The exam will consist of several styles of examination questions including matching, fill in the blank, and short answer essay.

Specific suggestions of material to understand include (but is not limited to):

•       KNOW YOUR DEFINITIONS!  (There were a lot of "T" words - be sure you can tell them apart.)
•       Know the central dogma.  What are the key requirements, products of each process? What are the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
•       Underline bacterial names and know how to properly write genotype, phenotype and protein names.
•       What are the various types of mutations and their effects? What are some of the causes of mutations?  What are some of our applications for mutants?
•       What are the cell repair mechanisms and how effective are they?
•       Know the three types of genetic exchange.  How do they compare, contrast?  What does the actual process involve for each? 
•       What are the two types of recombination?  Why are they important?  When do they occur?
•       What is a plasmid?  What can it do?
•       What is a virus? A bacteriophage?  Know something about viral structure, shape, and characteristics.  What is the difference between lysogeny and the lytic cycle?
•       What is a prophage?  What is lysogenic conversion and why is it important?
•       What are some of the applications for recombinant DNA technologies?
•       What different physical methods can be used to control the growth of microbes?  What is the difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic?  What is a D value?
•       What different chemical methods can be used to control the growth of microbes?   What are some of the applications for these control methods?

Useful Unit 3 links

Case study on the Bubonic Plague

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/case_plague/index.html

 

Understanding The Immune System

Developed by Lydia Schindler, Donna Kerrigan M.S., Jeanne Kelly

Illustrates the immune system, complex network of specialized cells and organs that distinguishes between self and foreign molecules inside the body. Explains that a malfunctioning immune system can cause allergies or arthritis and can fail to stop the growth of cancer cells. On National Cancer Institute site.

http://press2.nci.nih.gov/sciencebehind/immune/immune01.htm

 

Phagocytosis and bacterial pathogens

http://www.microbelibrary.org/images/tterry/anim/phago053.html

 

 

Final Exam Study Guide

            The final exam will be 125 pts - approximately 60-65% will be from the third unit with the remaining 40-35% comprehensive.  As before, the exam will consist of several styles of examination questions including matching, fill in the blank, diagrams and short answer essay.  The comprehensive section will also contain some multiple choice questions.

Specific suggestions of material to understand include (but is not limited to):

• KNOW YOUR DEFINITIONS (for all 3 sections)! Underline bacterial names!
• Koch's postulates     
• What is virulence and what are virulence factors?
• What are the different types of virulence factors and how do their roles differ?
• What are the steps of pathogenesis? How do they occur in Bubonic Plague?
• The immune response of the host: non-susceptibility vs susceptibility and factors affecting these two
• What are the body's non-specific host defenses?
• What is the inflammation response?  Why is it important?
• What are the characteristics of the specific host defense?  What is the difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity?  What steps do they have in common?
• What are the 5 classes of antibodies?  What are their differences and similarities?
• What is the clonal selection theory?
• What are the stages of the immune response?  What are the different types of immunity that a host may exhibit or acquire?
• What cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity?
• What is bioremediation and how are microbes important to this field? What role do microbes play in composting?
•  Look over your handouts!
• Look over old exams - trouble spots will be revisited - potentially in some detail.
• Cumulative quesions will generally deal more with structures, key points and concepts not the details (like the differences between the 3 types of genetic exchange is fair game, but not the steps involved in the actual exchange).

• NOTE:  Actual question from the test (5 pt)!

For your selected disease (these will be handed out in class), write a paragraph briefly describing the disease, giving the full name of the causative agent, the mode of transmission, virulence factors involved, the host response(s) -if known- or other relevant factors.

 

 

"All organisms are nothing but a bag of other organisms walkin' around."
- Tom Miller, UC Riverside, on All Things Considered, NPR, June 28, 2004