College Tips

Discover the difference between career paths in computer science and computer engineering

The computer stands as one of humanity’s most sophisticated creations.

To operate seamlessly, it requires both software and hardware. Computer scientists and engineers create these systems. They develop both the physical parts and the software that helps everything work together smoothly. 

Elliott Forbes, UW-La Crosse assistant professor of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, answers some common questions that students have about these fields. 

What is computer engineering?

• Computer engineering meaning: Computer engineering focuses on the development of hardware systems — essentially the physical components of computers. Examples of these components include microprocessors, memory and input/output devices. Computer engineers may also create software, but their main focus is on how hardware and software work together. They decide which tasks each part should do and design the interface between them. 
• Computer engineering degree: If you are interested in how things work and enjoy taking things apart to understand their mechanics, you might like computer engineering. Students studying computer engineering will have more hands-on work than those in computer science. They will spend less time with theoretical concepts and more time with lab sessions. Learn more on UWL's computer engineering program webpage.
• Computer engineering coursework: Topics such as electrical engineering, circuit analysis and circuit design are central. A key area of study is combining hardware and software systems such as using sensors that detect changes in the environment and actuators that collect and output data into devices. 
• Computer engineering class project example: A UW-La Crosse computer engineering student developed a handheld game as part of a class project. The goal was to navigate a car through a virtual road full of potholes. The game used a 3D printed steering wheel that was attached to the screen as a sensor. This setup allowed the player to steer the car by turning the wheel. This project demonstrated how the physical hardware and software interact to create an engaging user experience. Understanding this integration is a core aspect of computer engineering. 
  

What is computer science?

• Computer science meaning: Computer science centers on writing code and developing software. Professionals in this field focus not only on creating programs but also on optimizing them to run faster and more efficiently, using fewer computing resources.
• Computer science degree: A significant portion of computer science education involves learning the theory behind why software works the way it does. This knowledge is important for becoming a great software developer. Many students face challenges in their early programming courses as the concepts are often unfamiliar. However, those who thrive on the thrill of solving these problems are usually the ones who persist and succeed in this field. If you enjoy solving complex problems and experience a rush when you finally crack a difficult challenge, computer science could be a great fit. Explore UWL's computer science page to learn more.
• Computer science and creativity: In computer science, students develop their own coding styles, and no two students will approach a problem in exactly the same way. The goal is to foster an ability to write clear, elegant code that is not only functional but also easy for others to understand. Since software development is typically a team effort, the ability to make your code comprehensible to others is a vital skill. 

Computer engineering vs. computer science

At its core, computer science is more focused on software, while computer engineering leans toward hardware. However, there is significant overlap between the two fields. Both computer scientists and engineers study elements of both hardware and software and can pursue careers on either side. That said, it is more common for a computer engineer to end up in a software-focused career than for a computer scientist to specialize in hardware. 

We often associate creativity with the arts, but creativity is important for success in both computer science and computer engineering fields, says Forbes.

Computer engineering jobs

Computer engineers are involved in a variety of high-tech, hands-on roles. Examples include: 

• Aerospace industry: Modern aircraft are entirely controlled by flight computers. Engineers may be hired to design those computers. This involves both hardware and software development. It often requires creation of custom hardware components to meet rigorous safety standards not met by typical desktop computers. 
• Processor development: Engineers may work on connecting billions of transistors on a computer chip, ensuring the wiring is optimized for quick processing speeds. 
• Research and development: Engineers may conduct long-term research, such as forecasting the future direction of computer processor technology. This helps shape the industry years ahead of product development. 
• Medical devices: Engineers contribute to the development of medical technology, such as pacemakers. It is critical these devices are safe and effective for patient use. 

Can computer engineers maintain websites?

Website development is generally more suited to computer scientists. Many computer science graduates go on to become web developers. Computer engineers primarily focus is on developing and maintaining hardware systems. While engineers may have some experience with web development, their core training is centered on hardware design and integration. 

Computer engineering vs computer science salary

Both fields offer high-paying career opportunities. For up-to-date salary information, the Bureau of Labor Statistics is an excellent resource to explore. 

What is software engineering?

While software engineering often overlaps with both computer science and computer engineering, it is primarily concerned with managing software development projects. Software engineers focus on how to break down large, complex projects into manageable tasks. This ensures that teams can work together to complete these tasks successfully. They also examine how to maintain and integrate various software components to make sure that all parts work well together. 

How to become a video game designer

• A background in computer science or computer engineering provides the foundational skills for a career in video game design. However, computer science tends to be a better fit for those interested in this field.
• It is important to recognize that a career as a video game designer involves many of the same day-to-day tasks as any other software development job, whether in banking, healthcare or other industries. 
• The video game industry is highly competitive. Many aspiring game designers find themselves working long hours to break into the field. While some students begin their studies with the goal of designing video games, they often shift to other software development fields as they discover new career opportunities.